Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells. > 연구자료실

본문 바로가기

연구자료실

연구자료실
IP: ***.***.***.4.1

Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol against glutamate-ind…

페이지 정보

최고관리자 조회수 : 2,641

본문

Int J Mol Med. 2016 Feb;37(2):378-86. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2440. Epub 2015 Dec 21.

Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells.

Abstract

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) is commonly used in traditional oriental medicine for its wide spectrum of medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, adaptogenic and anti-aging properties. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), the main intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, is one of the active ingredients in ginseng. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PPD on PC12 cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined cell viability by MTT assay and the morphological changes of PC12 cells following glutamate‑induced cell damage and evaluated the anti‑apoptotic effects of PPD using Hoechst 33258 staining, western blot analysis and Muse™ Cell Analyzer and the antioxidant effects of PPD using FACS analysis and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, PPD exerted protective effects on PC12 cells via the inhibition of mitochondrial damage against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and FACS analysis. We demonstrate that treatment with PPD suppresses apoptosis, which contributes to the neuroprotective effects of PPD against glutamate‑induced excitotoxicity in PC12 cells. Treatment with PPD inhibited nuclear condensation and decreased the number of Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, PPD increased antioxidant activity and mitochondrial homeostasis in the glutamate-exposed cells. These antioxidant effects were responsible for the neuroprotection and enhanced mitochondrial function following treatment with PPD. Furthermore, PD inhibited the glutamate-induced morphological changes in the mitochondria and scavenged the mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. In addition, mitochondrial function was significantly improved in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhanced mitochondrial mass compared with the cells exposed to glutamate and not treated with PPD. Taken together, the findings of our study indicate that the antioxidant effects and the enhanced mitochondrial function triggered by PPD contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis, thus leading to a neuroprotective response, as a novel survival mechanism.

대표 : 김좌진 ㅣ 개인정보관리 : 김좌진 ㅣ 사업자번호 : 253-86-01081 ㅣ 통신판매업신고: 2018-대전동구-0190호
본사 : 대전광역시 동구 충정로 21, 4105호 ㅣ 기업부설연구소 : 대전광역시 동구 충정로 21, 4104호
당사는 모든 이미지의 무단사용을 금하며, 무단사용시 저작권법 98조에 의거 민형사상 책임을 지게됩니다.
COPYRIGHT ©2019 (주)프로셀컴퍼니. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.